C and C++ are two distinct programming languages, though C++ is considered an extension of C. C focuses on procedural programming, where programs are a sequence of instructions […]
Programming
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Explain the concept of OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) and its principles
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a paradigm that focuses on organizing code into objects. These objects contain both data (attributes) and behaviors (methods). The four fundamental principles of OOP […]
Programming
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What is a virtual function and a pure virtual function?
A virtual function is a function in a base class that can be overridden in derived classes. The keyword “virtual” allows runtime polymorphism in C++. When a derived […]
Programming
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How do you implement polymorphism in C++?
Polymorphism in C++ allows objects of different types to be treated uniformly. It comes in two forms: compile-time (or static) polymorphism and runtime (or dynamic) polymorphism. Compile-time polymorphism […]
Programming
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Explain the differences between stack and heap memory allocation
Stack and heap are two types of memory allocations in C++. Stack memory is automatically managed and used for local variables, while heap memory is manually managed and […]
Programming
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Explain the Differences Between `volatile`, `mutable`, and `const` Keywords in C++
The `volatile`, `mutable`, and `const` keywords serve different purposes in C++. `volatile` prevents the compiler from optimizing a variable, as its value may change at any time. `mutable` […]
Programming
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How Do You Implement a Lock-Free Data Structure in C++?
Lock-free data structures allow concurrent access without using locks. They use atomic operations to ensure thread safety. Such structures, like lock-free stacks and queues, improve performance by avoiding […]
Programming
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What Are the Implications of the ‘Rule of Five’ in C++11 and Later?
The ‘Rule of Five’ in C++11 and later states that if a class defines one special member function, it should define all five. These functions are the destructor, […]
Programming
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Explain the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using C++ Exceptions
C++ exceptions provide a way to handle errors and exceptional conditions. Advantages include better error handling and separating error-handling code from regular code. Disadvantages include potential performance overhead […]
Programming
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How Does RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization) Manage Resource Lifetimes?
RAII stands for Resource Acquisition Is Initialization. It manages resource lifetimes by tying resource management to object lifetime. Resources are acquired in the constructor and released in the […]